鹽霧試(shi)驗箱的標準
   鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)對(dui)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)條件(jian)，如(ru)溫度、濕度、氯化鈉溶(rong)液濃(nong)度和PH值等(deng)(deng)(deng)做的(de)明確具體規(gui)定，另外還對(dui)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)箱性能提出(chu)技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求。同種(zhong)產品采用哪種(zhong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)根據鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)特性和金屬的(de)腐(fu)蝕速度及對(dui)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)敏感(gan)程(cheng)度選擇(ze)。下列是(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)幾(ji)種(zhong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，如(ru)GB/T2423.17—1993，以及等(deng)(deng)(deng)效(xiao)的(de)IEC、MIL、DIN、ASTM等(deng)(deng)(deng)相關(guan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。GB/T1771—91《色漆(qi)和清漆(qi)耐中(zhong)性鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)性能的(de)測定》。
    一、鹽(yan)霧(wu)腐蝕試驗箱乃針對各種(zhong)材質(zhi)之(zhi)表面處(chu)理，包(bao)含五金電鍍，五金，電子零部件，化(hua)工(gong)涂(tu)料，烤漆(qi)，汽(qi)車，摩托車，五金潔具，螺絲，彈(dan)簧，磁(ci)性材料，有(you)機及無機皮膜，陽極處(chu)理，防銹油等(deng)行業的品質(zhi)檢測(ce)，測(ce)試其制(zhi)品之(zhi)耐蝕性。
    二、 鹽霧試驗與實際(ji)的
    鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)(yan)是一(yi)種主要利用鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)(yan)設(she)備所創(chuang)造的(de)(de)人工模(mo)擬(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)條件來(lai)考(kao)核(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或金屬(shu)材料耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試驗(yan)(yan)。它(ta)(ta)分為二大類(lei)，一(yi)類(lei)為天然(ran)(ran)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)暴(bao)露試驗(yan)(yan)，另(ling)一(yi)類(lei)為人工加速模(mo)擬(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試驗(yan)(yan)。人工模(mo)擬(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)試驗(yan)(yan)是利用一(yi)種具有一(yi)定容積空(kong)間的(de)(de)試驗(yan)(yan)設(she)備——鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)(yan)箱，在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)容積空(kong)間內用人工的(de)(de)方法(fa)，造成鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)來(lai)對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)耐鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性能(neng)質(zhi)量進(jin)行考(kao)核(he)(he)。它(ta)(ta)與天然(ran)(ran)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)相比，其(qi)鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)氯化(hua)物的(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)濃度(du)，可以是一(yi)般天然(ran)(ran)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)含量的(de)(de)幾(ji)倍或幾(ji)十倍，使腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)速度(du)大大提高(gao)，對產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進(jin)行鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)(yan)，得(de)出結(jie)果(guo)的(de)(de)時間也大大縮短(duan)。如在(zai)(zai)(zai)天然(ran)(ran)暴(bao)露環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)對某產(chan)(chan)品(pin)樣品(pin)進(jin)行試驗(yan)(yan)，待其(qi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)可能(neng)要1年(nian)，而在(zai)(zai)(zai)人工模(mo)擬(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)條件下(xia)試驗(yan)(yan)，只要24小時，即可得(de)到相似的(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)。
    人工(gong)模擬鹽(yan)霧試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)包括中性鹽(yan)霧試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、醋(cu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)霧試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、銅加(jia)速醋(cu)酸(suan)鹽(yan)霧試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)、交(jiao)變(bian)鹽(yan)霧試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。
    (1) 中性(xing)鹽霧試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(NSS試(shi)(shi)驗(yan))是出現zui早目(mu)前應用(yong)領域(yu)zui廣的(de)(de)一種加速腐蝕試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法。它采用(yong)5%的(de)(de)氯化鈉鹽水(shui)溶液(ye)，溶液(ye)PH值調在中性(xing)范圍(6～7)作為(wei)噴霧用(yong)的(de)(de)溶液(ye)。試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溫度均取35℃，要求(qiu)鹽霧的(de)(de)沉降率(lv)在1～2ml/80cm?.h之(zhi)間。
    (2) 醋酸(suan)鹽(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)(yan)(ASS試驗(yan)(yan))是在(zai)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)鹽(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)(yan)的基礎上發(fa)展(zhan)起來的。它(ta)是在(zai)5%氯化鈉溶液(ye)中(zhong)加入一些(xie)冰醋酸(suan)，使溶液(ye)的PH值降為(wei)3左(zuo)右，溶液(ye)變成酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)，zui后形成的鹽(yan)霧(wu)也(ye)由中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)鹽(yan)霧(wu)變成酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)。它(ta)的腐蝕速(su)度要比NSS試驗(yan)(yan)快3倍左(zuo)右。
    (3) 銅(tong)(tong)加速醋(cu)酸鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)試驗(yan)(yan)(CASS試驗(yan)(yan))是國外新(xin)近發(fa)(fa)展起來的一種快速鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)腐蝕試驗(yan)(yan)，試驗(yan)(yan)溫度(du)為50℃，鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)溶液(ye)中加入少量銅(tong)(tong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)—氯化銅(tong)(tong)，強烈誘發(fa)(fa)腐蝕。它(ta)的腐蝕速度(du)大約(yue)是NSS試驗(yan)(yan)的8倍(bei)。
    (4) 交變鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試驗是(shi)(shi)一種綜合鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試驗，它實際(ji)上是(shi)(shi)中性(xing)鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)試驗加恒定濕熱(re)試驗。它主(zhu)要用于空腔型的(de)整(zheng)機產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，通過潮態環境(jing)的(de)滲透，使鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)不但(dan)在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品表面產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)，也在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品內部產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)。它是(shi)(shi)將產(chan)(chan)(chan)品在鹽(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)和濕熱(re)兩種環境(jing)條件下交替轉換，zui后(hou)考核整(zheng)機產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)電性(xing)能和機械(xie)性(xing)能有無變化。